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Arthrodesis is a process by which two joint-forming bones are joined together to reduce pain. It is also known as fusion surgery since two bones are fused surgically. It is a safe procedure used in circumstances like severe arthritis, fractures, and arthritis pain in several body parts. When pain persists in the spine, ankle, finger, thumb, wrists, and other joints and other conditions affecting joint mobility, arthrodesis may provide relief.

The procedure makes the bone solid, reduces pain, and improves stability but removes the ability to move that joint. If other treatment modalities fail to provide relief, arthrodesis can be performed. However, doctors consider it the last resort nowadays and suggest it only after exhausting all other options. Ideally, both bones to be joined must be strong and intact for arthrodesis. In addition, the candidate should have a robust immune system for appropriate healing. A bone graft may be used to fuse the joints.

The process of arthrodesis can occur naturally but can be surgically performed to achieve faster results. The bone needed can be taken from the patient's body (autograft) or a substitute such as a cadaver. It can also be obtained from a tissue bank and may be synthetic. The surgery is generally done on the spine but can also be performed on the thumb, finger, wrist, spine, and knees. Arthrodesis can also be classified based on the number of joints to be fused. For example, an operation on the feet can be double or triple arthrodesis.

Balloon Kyphoplasty treats compression fractures of the spine. Bone cement is used at the site of fractured vertebrae, which hardens over time, stabilises the fracture, and provides adequate support to the spine. The aim is to relieve the patient of pain and discomfort while restoring mobility and resumption of activities in daily life.

It is commonly used for people who have not benefited much from traditional treatment like bed rest, physical therapy, medications, braces, and lumbosacral support.

A robotic cystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that is used to treat diseases of the urinary bladder requiring partial or complete removal of the bladder. Radical cystectomy is done when the urinary bladder has cancer, and it has spread to the muscle wall. Smaller incisions are made compared to open cystectomy, in which a significant incision helps remove the entire bladder.

Robotic surgery is one of the recent advancements in treating cancers. Robotic cystectomy benefits from the robot's arms and allows for greater flexibility than traditional laparoscopic methods. This greater flexibility permits the surgeon to accomplish complex tasks like internal stitches meticulously in the form of urinary diversion or neobladder. Additionally, the robotic platform provides the surgeon with a 3D high-definition view of the inside of the abdomen. This enhanced vision helps with precision.

Valvuloplasty is a procedure used to treat conditions in which the heart valve gets narrowed, impacting the heart’s blood pumping efficiency. This can lead to various symptoms such as breathlessness, chest pain, or fatigue. Valvuloplasty helps widen the valve opening, improving blood flow and reducing strain on the heart. At Max Hospitals, valvuloplasty is performed by a team of experienced cardiologists and cardiac surgeons using safe and advanced techniques. The goal is to improve the patients’ heart function and their quality of life. With an acute focus on patient well-being, our team provides the care and expertise needed to make the procedure as smooth and effective as possible, ensuring the best possible outcomes for patients.

Mitral Valve Replacement surgery is a procedure to replace a damaged mitral valve in the heart. The left side of the heart has a mitral valve. Mitral valve replacement surgery is done with open-heart or minimally invasive technology. The specific technique used will depend on the severity of mitral valve disease, which may result from infection, a defect by birth, or a degenerative disease.

Radial head replacement is a procedure in which a fractured bone in the elbow is removed and replaced with an artificial implant. This procedure is performed to reduce elbow instability which can cause continuous pain and discomfort. It is the best treatment choice for patients with injuries that are not responding to reduction or internal fixation. This surgery is common- approximately one in five traumatic elbow injuries involves radial head fractures. These fractures usually affect women in their thirties.

Maxillectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the maxillary bone. This bone forms the upper part of the jaw and the side of the nose.

Types of Maxillectomy

Maxillectomy can be total or partial. Depending on which part of the maxilla is removed, there are different types of maxillectomy. The kinds of maxillectomy are:

Medial maxillectomy: In this maxillectomy, a part of the maxilla next to the nose is removed. This may be performed endoscopically or by making an incision on the face.

Infrastructure maxillectomy: In infrastructure maxillectomy, the hard palate (roof of the mouth), the lower part of the maxilla, and some teeth are removed. After this maxillectomy, reconstructive surgery or an obturator may be needed.

Suprastructure maxillectomy: In this procedure, the upper part of the maxilla with the orbital floor (bone below the eye) is removed. In a few cases, the orbit may also be removed. Reconstructive surgery is essential if the eye is removed after the eye removal.

Subtotal maxillectomy: Subtotal maxillectomy involves a variation in which a specific portion of the maxilla is removed. Reconstruction may be needed depending on the size and location of the tumour.

Total maxillectomy: In total maxillectomy, the entire maxilla from one side along with the hard palate and orbital floor (bone below the eye) is removed. Reconstruction is needed in these cases.

Tomotherapy is a type of radiation therapy to kill tumour cells in the body and is a treatment method for tumours. This therapy damages the cancer cell's DNA and prevents cancer cells from further division and growth. It is an advanced radiation therapy used to treat cancerous and noncancerous tumours.

Tomotherapy, also known as helical tomotherapy, is intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The therapy is commonly used to treat prostate, brain, lung, breast, head, and neck cancers. Combined with CT scanning, it is an advanced technology that gives accurate and precise treatment, using powerful radiation beams to treat inoperable tumours.

In tomotherapy, radiation beams are aimed at the tumour from multiple directions. The treatment uses a CT scanner that rotates in a spiral pattern around the patient. Before the treatment, 3D images of the tumour are taken, which helps the doctor examine the tumour's size and spread. This process helps the doctor analyse the right intensity of radiation to kill the tumour cells without causing much damage to nearby tissue.

The primary goal of the treatment is to target the tumour cells and to control and limit the side effects and damage to nearby tissue.