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Microdiscectomy is also called Microlumbar Discectomy (MLD). It is required to treat patients with lumbar disc prolapse who have significant pain, neuro deficits, or are not improving on conservative management. Neurosurgeons routinely perform this procedure. In this procedure, the herniated portion of the disc compressing the nerve root is removed so that there is no pressure on the nerve root, and the patient will be pain-free.

The herniated disc was traditionally removed by making a large incision, and complete disc removal was used. Because of the larger cut and more invasive surgery, it used to require more recovery time and hospital stay. Now, microdiscectomy is done under high magnification using microscopes, which provides 3D vision and requires a smaller incision. A smaller incision leads to fast recovery, less bleeding, and a smaller hospital stay.

Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc surgery is a medical procedure that aims to alleviate the symptoms of a herniated or prolapsed disc in the spine. The surgery can involve various techniques, but the most common is a discectomy, in which the surgeon removes a portion of the disc pressing against the spinal nerve.

Procedure Type

Minimally invasive, open surgery, Endoscopic surgery, Microscopic Surgery

Speciality

Neurosurgery

Body Location

Spinal Cord

The aorta is considered the largest blood vessel in our body. It is responsible for carrying blood and various other essential nutrients from the heart to different other parts of the body. The Bentall procedure is a form of open heart surgery performed to treat the issues related to the aorta, primarily involving the aortic root and valve, which takes place due to aortic aneurysms.

An aortic aneurysm is a medical condition characterised by a bulge in the walls of the aorta. In severe cases, these aneurysms either burst or even split, causing internal bleeding or blockage of blood flow from the heart to various other organs. At this point, it becomes a life-threatening condition.

Hugh Bentall and Antony De Bono, 1968, first performed the Bentall procedure. This procedure involves the composite graft replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta with the reimplantation of coronary arteries into the graft.

Thrombolysis, also called thrombolytic therapy, is used to break or dissolve blood clots. It helps restore and enhance blood flow, and prevents organ and tissue damage. In this treatment, clot-busting medications are given via an IV line or a long catheter directly to the location of the blockage. Additionally, a mechanical device can be attached to the tip lengthy catheter to remove the clot or break it.

Thrombolysis is a standard emergency treatment used to dissolve blood clots that develop in the arteries that supply the heart and brain. Blood clots can cause heart attacks and ischemic strokes, as well as pulmonary artery disease (acute pulmonary embolism).

Partial penectomy surgery is the procedure to remove the end of the penis. This operation is done to treat small penile cancer located toward the end of the penis. After the surgery, the patient can still urinate and ejaculate with the remaining penis. While it is mainly used to treat penile tumours, it may help severe penile trauma patients.

Bile duct cancer affects the bile ducts, which are tubes that transport bile from the liver to the small intestine. Surgery is the primary treatment option for bile duct cancer, and there are several different types of procedures that may be used, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.

Commando surgery is a complex surgical procedure typically used to treat advanced or aggressive cancers, particularly in the head and neck region. The term "commando" refers to the extensive nature of the surgery, which involves removing a significant amount of tissue, including bone, muscle, and nerve structures, in addition to the primary tumour.

During the procedure, the surgeon makes incisions in the affected area and carefully removes the tumour and surrounding tissue to remove all cancerous cells. The surgery aims to achieve negative margins, meaning no cancerous tissue is visible at the edges of the removed tissue. In certain cases, reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore form and function to the area after removing the tumour.

While commando surgery is a highly effective treatment option for certain cancers, it is also a complex and invasive procedure with significant risks, including bleeding, infection, nerve damage, and loss of function. Patients who undergo commando surgery require a prolonged hospital stay and a long period of recovery and rehabilitation.

Overall, commando surgery is an essential tool in the fight against advanced or aggressive cancers. Still, it is typically reserved for cases where other treatments have not been successful, and the benefits and risks for each patient should be considered carefully.

A hernia is characterized by the bulging of an organ or tissue through an opening in its surrounding tissue or muscle that holds it. It can occur because the abdominal wall gets weak. Hernias are painful and can prove to be life-threatening. A sudden increase in pressure around the abdominal wall may cause this. Various activities linked to this increased pressure include lifting weights or a heavy object, continuous vigorous coughing or sneezing and, in some cases, diarrhea. Multiple types of hernias include inguinal hernia, femoral hernia, incisional hernia, hiatus hernia and umbilical hernia. Less commonly seen hernias are epigastric hernia and Spigelian hernia.

Hernias require immediate medical attention in the following cases:

If the hernia is extremely painful.

If the hernia proliferates and appears swollen.

The patient has a fever.

The patient is having constipation.